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Machinery and equipment / | Woodworking equipment |
Overview
Q: What types of equipment used in the processing of wood? Woodworking Machine - a machine for the treatment of wood in order to give it the required size and shape. By the nature of the work woodworking machines are divided into: wood cutting, joining, assembly, for gluing and finishing. A: On different machines of saw cutting wood is separated from the tools some of the pieces to produce, parts or products specified sizes and shapes of the surfaces of the required quality. wood joining machines give the desired shape by bending without breaking the connection between the particles of wood. In assembling the machines do the work on the connection of individual parts in assemblies and products. These include machines for assembling parts, bonding, connection studs, screws, dowels, nails, staples, etc. Machines for gluing equipped with rollers coated with rubber, or brush, disk , roller or injection mechanisms. Finishing machines are designed for product coating and coating the surface of decorative and protective coatings, lacquers processing (grinding and polishing). The dyes are applied to machines with rollers; Decorative paints and protective coatings - Curtain on special machines on lines with stream pouring. For grinding surfaces of products for coating paints are grinding machines - typically the belt type (Multitape communicating). The surfaces are polished product on the roller-type machines, sometimes using tampons. The most productive in the grinding machine roller type in which the rollers are collected from special cotton discs. Q: What kinds of woodworking equipment most commonly used and what are the main methods of woodworking? The most common in the industry for wood cutting machines. Cutting wood sawing is done, milling, planing, drilling, drilling, turning, grinding and peeling. A: Sawing performed saws, reciprocating, rotary, or rectilinear motion. Milling is carried out by rotating cutters (straight knives or form mills). Ctroganie performed on planers, which cutting blades are stationary ( moving the workpiece) or reciprocating movement and cut off a thin surface layer of wood. Drilling and chiselling perform special drills to drill, drilling, grooving and slotting machines. Slotting slotting tool is usually made for the formation of holes in the wood, mainly for the finger joints. In the process of turning chips of uniform thickness is cut from the surface of a rotating body. Peeling is a scan of the cylinder spiral into a thin tape (splicing). Peeling similarly precise in radial flow, but is accompanied by a crimp chips (veneer) and is made after the preliminary steaming the treated wood. When sanding wood cutters perform the role of grain abrasives. For derevorezhushchih machines (especially circular, band saw, milling, grinding) is characterized by high cutting speed (20-60 m/s), and sometimes 100 m/sec or more. Due to the high speeds of cutting operating shafts are many types of machine speed 3 - 6 thousand./Min, and key-cutting machines - up to 30 thousand./Min. Milling Machines reciprocating tool (sawmills, Veneer and some others.) have a small cutting speed (not more than 7-8 m/s.). Most of the machines equipped with individual electric power from 0 5 to 200 kW. On modern machines and automatic lines are widely used hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, photoelectric, the current high frequency (100-400 Hz), remote control. Q: What kind of equipment recycled waste sawmill? Recycling is called fragmentation. It is carried out in the crushing or shredding machines and rotary disk types in order to obtain from lumpy waste wood processing industries (strips, slabs, etc.) of wood chips for pulp mills. On such machines lump waste crushed blades mounted on the shaft, or metal bars fixed to the rotating rotor machine. A: By the way, the chip is not always a waste product . Sometimes it can be a product (eg, splicing at shallow plowing and thin plate with the cutting bezopilochnom). Chipless cutting takes place during splitting (splitting machines), cutting veneer (scissors) cutting dies (shponopochinochnye machines), crushing (crushing and chipping machines). Q : Is it possible to perform the entire cycle of wood on one machine? then you should use raznooperatsionnye machines (combined and universal). Combined machines have several mounted on a common frame of spindles, each of which can operate independently of the others, and are equipped with a universal spindle, which alternately reinforce different tools. A: < dd> A separate group consists of multioperational machines and semiautomatic machines, transfer machines, automatic lines and machines, harvesters operating (simultaneously or sequentially) several operations on the workpiece. Automatic lines are common at large specialized companies. Q: What is the spindle? Spindle - a working shaft of the machine. On the spindle is fixed tools (milling cutters, drills, grinding wheels and the like) or a workpiece. For spindle high requirements for running accuracy, significantly affect the accuracy of processing. Therefore, it is mounted on ball bearings or high-grade precision bearings, and especially high-speed spindles, internal grinding machine (speed up to 100 thousand./Min) - on air bearings with grease. Spindle drive through gears or belts, as well as directly from the built-in electric motor or air turbine.
Problems of choice
A: Q: How to choose the right machine for woodworking? should pay attention not only to its characteristics, and the presence of the warranty period, the possibility of commissioning, as well as reliability and maintainability of the machine. A: You also need to come to this decision from an economic point of view: how fast it can pay off. It should be taken into account and what materials will be used, the diameter of the beam is assumed to saw. Q: Does the choice of sawing machines of the type of wood? If you intend to use raw materials with a diameter of 50 - 80 cm, you can select the band saw. But for the sawing of softwood logs up to 1200 mm in diameter will be wise to choose circular saw. If you want to cut oak, larch or palissandr, the circular saw is not suitable. The fact that this is a very expensive raw material, and when working on the circular saw a large amount of sawdust. A: Q: Does the designation of the type of equipment installed on it Cutter? as a cutting tool in the hand saws and woodworking machines are used chain saw blade and the saw blade (sawmill). Type tool and defines the scope of the various types of equipment. A: The chain saw is designed for cross cutting logs, beams and planks. The cutting tool in these saws - saw chain, set in motion by an asterisk and an electric motor through a gearbox. Circular saws are the most popular for use not only in construction, but also for domestic purposes. Disk saws can saw wood along and across the fibers, choose a quarter, kill spike and ridges. Q: Why are circular saws were so widespread? In fact, in the Nordic countries often sawing on the circular saw. Their use for two reasons. Firstly, in the winter table saw works so reliably that it can not compare to any other. Therefore, Americans, Canadians, Finns, Swedes and produce mainly used these machines. The circular saw blade - a powerful device that can cut frozen wood is very easy. Secondly, in the circular saws can be operated for a few years drinking, for their service does not require expensive grinding equipment. A: In radial saw sawing units lower power consumption than the sawmill. For their operation does not require massive base and there is a possibility of individual cutting each log. Complexes with the use of this equipment have a high productivity. But there are drawbacks: the question of the need to waste as circular saws cutting width of 6-7 mm, so a large amount of sawdust as in frame saws. In addition, the cost of machines themselves and the circular saw blades for them is quite high! Sharpening saws can produce only highly qualified staff. Q: What are the features of the application sawmill? The sawmill is designed for longitudinal sawing of logs and boards of different types of wood for lumber. Sawing logs carried reciprocating movement of the saw frame with reinforced her to put (set) saw guides. Going to the saw frame is transmitted from the main shaft rod. Sawmill machine can be used as first-line high-powered sawmill shops, and the small industries. A: Q: Why there is a perception that the installation of sawmills costly? < br /> Sawmills require massive base unit, have high power consumption, low coefficient of the output of finished products, a large amount of waste, the need for sorting sawlogs diameter. Therefore, as a rule, on the basis of this equipment are stationary sawmill complex with access roads, equipped with hoisting machines, sorting platforms, occupies a large area, strong brevnotaskami, areas for sorting and packaging of finished products, equipment for removal, temporary storage and disposal of waste. < br /> A: The good performance compensates for any initial costs. There is at sawmills and other benefits. The most important - simplicity in operation. Machines working in unheated halls, sheds. Serve sawmill is very simple, and in almost any area, you can find someone who has an idea of sawmills and can work on it. Q: What sawmill are most in demand? Sawmills with a width of 35-50 mm tapes are the most popular at the consumer, as these saws are relatively inexpensive, have a capacity of 8-12 cubic meters of logs per shift. Designed for professional sawing and working with large-sized sawlog (800-1000 mm). They can be horizontal, vertical, or to the location of band saw at an angle. Their maintenance is reduced to periodic and timely sharpening teeth wiring. Execution of these operations does not require special staff. A: Q: What are the advantages of tape technology is cutting wood? tape technology is perfectly suited to those who make the first steps in the sawmill business. The relative ease to learn and use, the possibility of a phased development of production create good conditions for the start. Having bought only one tape machine, you can get edged boards export quality. A: This technology is indispensable for deep processing of wood to give the exact geometry of blanks for laminated veneer lumber, shield and furniture pieces. Particularly noticeable advantage of tape machines when cutting large-sized logs. It becomes possible to handle logs with a diameter of 70-80 cm or more, which is crucial for those who are sawing valuable hardwood. So, the main advantages of tape technology as follows:
- by thin (1.5-2 mm) and smooth cutting is greatly reduced the amount of sawdust;
- increased production output (up to 75-80%);
- a tough and robust cutting head does not require additional adjustments and ensures the accuracy of cut and strict compliance with the geometric parameters of the board, which reduces tolerances.
Q: What are the conditions uptime cutting plants? The main requirement - the work of a band no more than 1.5-2 hours. On the recommendation of the manufacturer bandsaw required 2 hours to change the tape operation, whether it is worn or not. One tape at normal retirement (in time and correctly sharpened and divorced) processes 60-80 cubic meters of sawlogs. A: Q : What Brevnopilnye machine better tape or disk? You can not clearly answer! Proponents ribbon cutting the main drawback of drum machines called cutting thicker (up to 8 mm!) And small (up to 300 mm) diameter cutting. These numbers are far from real. In fact, the large thickness of the disc (1000 mm) diameter of 3.6-4.2 mm. Divorce is 0.4-0.5 mm per side. As a result, propyl is 4,4-5,2 mm, which is quite a lot compared to the tape, but not 8 mm! Maximum cutting height 1200 mm on the disc is 480 mm, which corresponds to the diameter of 600 mm logs. A: And now, the main argument in favor of cutting disk - great feed rate lumber on the saw. In the tape machine with a narrow belt speed can not be more than 0.25 m/s and a single pass of the carriage 6-meter beam is produced by an average of 30-40 seconds. On machines with wide saw this figure better flow rate reaches 0.5 m/sec, and one pass is done for 12-24 seconds. On the drive traverse can reach 1.5 m/s! One pass may be carried out for 4-6 seconds! At sufficiently high cost of drinking (from 450 to 1200 dollars.), One blade is enough for 1.5-2 years of work. But 1 time in 2-3 weeks saw requires special training (forging, rolling, etc.), which is usually done in a workshop. For example, from Karelia saw sent to training in Finland. Immediately the question arises: how far away from you is this workshop? At the same time the performance of band saw, for example, the HP-99 on unsurfaced lumber is 10-12 cubic meters per shift , which is commensurate with the performance of disk machines. But training tool sharpener requires far less skill, and the cost of drinking 10 times less. Agree, if a worker saw spoil cost $ 30., Is less of a loss than a saw for $ 500.
The main types of woodworking machinery
Q: What are the milling machines for woodworking? Woodworking milling machine has a rotating vertical spindle, which strengthened the cutter, and used for plane, profile and contoured machining workpieces. A: There are simple milling machines (single or duplex), carousel and copiers. Single spindle have a base frame with a table and the spindle, mounted on a movable support. Machining is performed using the ruler guides. In the two-spindle machine spindles rotate in opposite directions, which facilitates the machining of curved shape and reduces the risk of chipping and scuffing. For flat and figure milling used milling machine with a rotating carousel table on which reinforced preform. Copy milling machine equipped with a device to work on the copier (template) and used for the production of small, precise and sculptural works. If you set
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