Construction and Infrastructure / | Covering the wooden beams |
In rural houses Ground floor, intercommunication and attic floors are usually satisfied with the wooden beams.
Dimensions beams
The cross-section beams take, depending on the width of the overlapped span the distance between the beams, load floors of 1 m2 (tare weight), regulatory and live load.
The optimum width of the span overlapped for wooden beams of the ceiling is 3 — 4 m. Spans more than 4 — 4.5 m section beams disproportionate increase to non-standard sizes, and the overlap becomes very unsteady.
The distance between the beams take, depending on constructive solutions overlap. If the beams directly plank floor (on the ground and intermediate floors), the distance between them is determined by the thickness of floor boards (for decking floor 30 mm thick, it should not exceed 50 cm), if the beams are used bars and logs large cross-section, which stacked logs and plank floor, the distance between these beams is increased to 1 m.
The most frugal of wood are plank beams tolschinok 5 and a height of 15 — 20 cm. When the distance between the 40 — 60 cm mineral wool insulation of the plank beams can arrange Ground floor, intercommunication and attic ceiling spans up to 4 m in almost any climatic region.
It is applied to the timber beams (planks, beams and logs) must not have defects that weaken the structural strength of wood (a large number of knots, roe, curly gain). For protection against biological destruction of the beam is purified from the bark and antiseptirujut, logs otesyvayut 2 — 4 edge. The ends of the beams, rests on stone, brick and concrete walls, wrapped with roofing material or plastic film (without closing the ends), and the space is filled with niches around the beam effective insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene). The length of the reference beam ends should be at least 12 cm.
A fragment of the wooden beams overlap with the " rough " floor:
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Insulation between beams
When installing insulation in the ceiling space mezhbalochnoe it must be protected from moisture and the inside of the house. .In The basement ceiling vapor barrier layer (asphalt or synthetic film) is laid on top of the insulation under the floorboards, and in the attic - directly under the heater. Bathrooms beamed ceiling should be open, without binder.
Thermal insulation between the joists are usually placed either on board or boards laid on the attic of the bar or on the board filed to the beams below. The first construction variant used at relatively high beams (15 — 20 cm) and a small thickness of the insulation (10 — 12 cm), the second — when the thickness of the insulation is close to the height of bearing beams. The false floor space between the beams are left empty or partially filled (for better insulation) layer of dry sand thickness of 4 — 6 cm, laid on a synthetic film or truss paper. Open layer of insulation in the attic must be protected from mechanical damage to the clay-straw, lime-sand or cement-sand screed.