Adhesives. Insulation materials / | Waterproofing materials. |
Waterproofing materials designed to protect building structures from constant exposure in a damp environment, often under the pressure of the water. In this regard, the materials of this group have different properties such as water resistance, water resistance, durability, as well as meet the requirements for mechanical strength, deformability, chemical resistance, etc.
Applications waterproofing materials are diverse: it is external and internal protection of underground structures, waterproofing underwater, hydraulic structures, dams, bridge piers, embankments, ponds, reservoirs and ponds.
Waterproofing not only protects the surface to be protected from contact with water, but also provides steam waterproofing , increases the resistance of the building structure against corrosion .
The use of waterproofing materials began in ancient times. More 4500-5000 years ago natural bitumen, resins used as binders and waterproofing materials in the construction of Egyptian and Babylonian buildings. And these days artificial (most often oil bituminous), natural bitumens and materials with their use are one of the most commonly used sound-proof materials. However, serious competitors bituminous materials are synthetic resins, polymers and materials based on them.
Waterproofing Materials divided on the basis of the physical condition and appearance to:
- mastic;
- powders, solutions;
- Roll, sheet;
- Film, polimermembrannye;
- Other species.
Mastic waterproofing.
Mastics - it is viscous-plastic mass obtained by mixing organic binders with finely divided fillers and special additives having adhesive ability. The properties and preparation technology of mastic is not much different from the glues and only increased viscosity and significant content of fillers serve as a basis for attributing such to the category of adhesive mastics (adhesives, sealants and adhesives in this chapter are not considered).
Mastics - this adhesives that not only connect different materials between themselves, but also cover the surface of parts and structures sufficiently thick to protect them from corrosion, fill the gap, sinks holes or other recesses to provide a uniform smooth surface and ensure the integrity of the seams. They are used as surface waterproofing, finishing materials for adhering to the walls, floors, for gluing of rolled materials.
For roofing and waterproofing work is traditionally used hot and cold mastic on the basis of bitumen. Hot bituminous mastics is a mixture of bitumen roofing alloy with fibrous or pulverulent fillers.
In order to improve the properties of bitumen mastics in their formulation is crumb rubber waste rubber. Such pastes were called bitumen-rubber .
promising hot pastes on the basis of bitumen and low-molecular (atactic) of polyethylene or polypropylene. Polymer modified mastic have a high heat resistance, elasticity, adhesive properties.
Powder waterproofing.
Powder waterproofing materials are prepared based on cement binders with the addition of synthetic resins and high-quality plasticizers, hardening regulators, etc. These materials are delivered to the construction site in the form of dry mixes, and shuts the water at the job site, easy to prepare and do not require sophisticated equipment to apply them on the surfaces to be protected.
Many years of research work carried out and abroad, allowed to learn and offer the consumer a lot of new composites with high-performance waterproofing materials.
Penetrating waterproofing.
Penetrating waterproofing - a reliable supply of water resistance of concrete structures.
The properties of this material lies in the fact that the components of the material applied to the concrete surface, penetrate into the pores of the concrete in its capillary tracts and even against the high hydrostatic pressure. As a result of a chemical reaction between the active components and material components of the concrete form crystal structures similar in composition to the concrete.
These formations, tightly filling all pores and microvoids, compacted concrete structure, thus providing, reliable water resistance.
Crystalline formations, without passing water, at the same time do not hinder the movement of air, allowing the concrete " breathe ".
Structures treated this material resists most aggressive media, preventing corrosion and penetration of undesirable chemicals into the environment. The material is inert, does not contain any solvents and does not emit fumes. The life of the material is the same as the life of the concrete.
The processed material like concrete structure:
- waterproof;
- resistant to aggressive environments;
- have better strength characteristics;
- more cold-resistant;
- does not require a dry surface;
- does not require priming and leveling the surface;
- does not require protection during backfilling and placement of metal fittings;
- not afraid of puncturing, tearing or separating from the surface.
Roll, sheet (slab) waterproofing materials.
In the " Roofing materials " enough data are presented on the main roll roofing and waterproofing materials.
Film, polimermembrannye waterproofing materials.
Film, polimermembrannye rolled waterproofing materials are well known, for example, polyethylene film. These materials are resistant to aggressive environments, durability, strength, flexibility. They are used in devices impervious. Domestic polyethylene films have a thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm. Overseas, the so-called geomembrane - 0.2-1 mm.