Adhesives. Insulation materials / | The device of various types of insulation |
In violation of waterproofing home immediately begins to break down its thermal insulation walling. In particular this applies to the basement of the walls, floor covering, then the very walls of the building, ceiling and roof coatings. There is a large heat loss at home, his apartment and outbuildings. There is a high consumption of fuel for their heating. But this destruction leads to greater deformations due to various negative side effects, in particular firmly stands condensate and m. N. The house felt discomfort, so-called greenhouse effect, which adversely affects not only the whole structure, but also on living Here people. Thermal insulation of the house more often begins with facing its exterior and interior walls. The log house is by using caulking seams and joints between the logs and building elements - windows, doors, floors, and so on. N. (See section 5.1. 5.2 ...). But this is not enough to complete the insulation of rural low-rise houses. Currently used a number of special thermal insulation systems for the relevant insulation underground, underground, exterior and interior surfaces of walls, floors, ceilings and ceiling coverings as well as most of the roof. In the old brick houses often use simpler methods for applying the necessary heat-insulating material. Shows the options for thermal protection device of external and internal surfaces of the walls of low-rise brick building. Rural houses in the presence of a gable roof ridge, as a rule, put a layer of insulation on the appropriate ceilings. It is a dry land, sawdust, moss, bark, in many cases, slag, dense layer of clay, and so on. P., Ie, depending on the design of the house itself. But, as is known from the centuries-old practice of operation of log houses and cobbled, their service life is not more than 50 ... 70 years. This period allotted bearing and protecting designs - logs, lumber, but does not include additional items that will all grow old, worn out from the intense exploitation and mainly on the weather - the temperature drop from summer to winter. This applies primarily to insulate materials (felt, elm and others.), As well as to cover the roof - boards and shingles. Their all-time operation is often replaced by a new, together with other elements of the demolition and deformed structures. Later, when the traditional "scorodite" took conveyor-intensive type and type, were typical of development of rural houses, which have been used more modern insulation. Fig. 6.13 presents options for intermediate floors with kamyshita. Fig. 6.14 shows a layered insulation on the ceiling (6). The very design of the House panel has also become more universal, but it retains the principle of constructive scheme of the traditional rural log house. Tried and tested improvement in the constructive solution of the thermal protection at home are becoming more sophisticated. In the early stages of this improvement, when there did not appear effective for insulating materials, this problem is solved by increasing the thickness of the walls; for example, a wall of full-bodied red brick thickness 51 ... 64 cm increased to 141 ... 242 cm and more. This entailed high costs of building materials, increase the foundation of the house, there is the weighting of all the construction volume of the building. Creation of a special insulated material, such as mineral wool on synthetic binding, etc., Made it possible to maintain a "natural" weight volume of the house. For the thermal insulation of external walls enclosing began to apply a wide variety of effective heaters. This is considered to be such an effective insulation, thermal conductivity does not exceed 0.09 W/(mK). And while they are all non-combustible materials. Table. 6.1 are the main types of heaters, which are used in construction. The choice of efficient insulation for building envelopes depends significantly on the type of construction. For renovation of old houses are usually easily accessible using a heater or the one that was in the past, if it meets the requirements. For a new house under construction using more effective insulation as mineral and synthetic based. The same make and with the overhaul of the old house.
For example, for thermal insulation of the outer fence of the existing buildings for structural reasons and terms of fire safety, it is usually possible to use only non-combustible materials.
rural construction in low-rise no restrictions on the use of certain types effective heaters. Currently, the active construction of individual country houses, designed various kinds of insulation. For example, there are materials that go into the so-called complex thermal insulation of external walls, where the main insulation are boards based on mineral basalt fibers production «Rockwool» (Denmark) and «Paros» (Finland) with a thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/(mK) thickness of 30 ... 150 mm. The components of "systems" are applied to the wall to insulate the building layers. Sam "Heater" is adhered to the wall of bottom-up compliance with the rules of dressing stitches horizontally with a serrated ligation at the corners of the building and window openings framed plates fitted with notches "at the place».
Next on the edge" Undersuit "for hardness are established special profiles, window and door openings reinforced framing angular profiles and fiberglass. Fixing "Undersuit" carried to the wall of the building with special dowels and glue composition developed by LLP "Everest". The thickness of the coating layer is 5 ... 6 mm. The important point here is that the use of a heat-insulating structure "Shuba" allows you to work on the device of external walls at temperatures up to -30 ° C.
cover layer from the "fur coat" is light gray rough surface. By using different types of decorative trim in the form of pastes and decorative plasters based on acrylic copolymers having hydrophobic properties, it can achieve high quality finishes with a wide range of colors. Such a comprehensive solution maintenance and new construction greatly facilitates the management of decorating the house, in particular, its facades.
use of thermal insulation system "Shuba plus "of varying thickness allows to increase resistance to heat exterior walls in W ... 3.5 times up to the required design value at any time of the year.
The defense insulation boards from precipitation is a coating layer consisting of a heat-waterproofing composition "coat". Physical and technical characteristics of the adhesive "Shub-HF" following. Density 600 kg/m3. The strength of adhesion to the base (adhesion) is equal to 0.62 MPa. The thermal conductivity is 0.1 W/(mK). Frost - Insulating active layer is operable at a temperature of from -4 to -15 ° C. One of the most important characteristics of thermal insulation - vapor permeability. This drying time, for example, at 20 ° C ranges from 6 to 12 hours.
Application of repairs and new construction allows for comprehensive thermal insulation of external walls with a full program of energy supply and provide comfort in the house, as well as to increase the temperature of the inner surface of the outer wall above the so-called dew point in the future to completely avoid the freezing of building structures. And therefore, to raise the average temperature inside the walls, which positively affects the operation of the building. In another embodiment, the thermal protection tile brick building used insulation material using conventional brickwork (Fig. 6.17). This technological system is also effective in a constructive relationship and heat. In fact it is a brick wall with a fixed outside reliable insulation and protective and decorative facade layer, called the wall "in a fur coat." The thermal resistance of a wall system design can reach 4.5 (m2K)/W. The renovation of the house, if it is conducted on the level of its total or partial (including the replacement of walling) modernization, for this purpose it is expedient to use the panels, for example, three-layer flexible bonds or, in some cases, with concrete dowels. Sandwich panels with flexible connections of 450 mm thickness have reduced resistance to heat transfer in the case of heavy concrete and 4.0 (m2K)/W. However, the implementation of maintenance of rural homes often do heat protection on its facade walls. This so-called ordinary chassis repair walls, insulation of homes. For these purposes, there is a new technology for insulation of facades "Fassolit." This multi-purpose system. Normally insulated wall and forget about insulation, vapor and waterproofing walling, why again soon require regular upkeep. The system "Fassolit" is not only warms, soundproof, but also serves as a material for the exterior walls of the building. This constructive-technological system is based on mineral insulation boards «URSA» and silicate plasters «Baumit». Her feature - the flexibility in the application of many wall materials: concrete, wood, bricks, lightweight aggregate et al., Both new construction and the management of repair of old buildings. The main layer of "Fassolit" - a plate for thermal insulation, made on the basis of the glass staple fiber. They comply with all health and safety standards and requirements, as well as assigned to a group of non-combustible materials. Estimate the thermal conductivity of up to 0.037 W/(mK). It is possible to use thermal insulation materials from other manufacturers. The next layer - a bonding solution, which is used for bonding insulation boards to the surface of any façade. It is a mixture of cement, sand and various additives. All this mass of water is mixed and applied to the plate on their perimeter, which at the same time made sure the two "points" of the solution in the center of the plates. Then the plate is further mounted special dowels. Following is the so-called reinforcing layer - fiberglass mesh, made of alkali-resistant fiber. It is superimposed on a layer of fresh mortar and recessed so that the fiber is in the middle of the alignment layer. The next layer - it's the same fiberglass mesh, made of the same alkali-resistant fiber. It is superimposed on a layer of fresh mortar and recessed so that the fiber is in the middle of the alignment layer. Last, the final layer, as well as the final stage of work - is the application of a finishing layer consisting of mineral silicate-based plaster, and therefore has high conductivity of steam and water-repellent properties. The very variety of decorative plaster has the quality to allow the facade to give not only an unusual texture, but also a kind of color tone. This method of applying teplodekorativnoy protection front surfaces of the building has great benefits - cost savings for space heating, long service life of the shell wall insulation from outside noise, non-flammability, resistance to aggressive environment, which makes the facades of homes more durable, and most importantly - high conductivity water vapor to prevent condensation. And last but not least - environmental friendliness of all its components and significant relief walling themselves, since the thickness of the applied layer is 40 mm, on the effectiveness of insulation replaces masonry brick 2.5.
When wetting the walls of the unfavorable terrain, particularly in the vicinity of a large underground water source or a large pond used gidroteploizolyatsii another system, which is shown in Fig. 6.18. It is particularly effective in buildings with brick walls. Fig. 6.19 shows a block of wall insulation material. This is the most efficient thermal insulation (extruded polystyrene) and, accordingly, sound-proof, vapor barrier and waterproofing materials. But it should consider the location of the insulation in the building envelopes. Especially this fact into account when choosing a heat-insulating material. Location heater conventionally divided into three positions.
1. Insulation is the inside of the building envelope. Usually, such an arrangement when
change in maintenance. But it has the disadvantage that this significantly reduces the internal area of the premises and, above all, require additional
tional costs of a vapor barrier. If this does not take into account, on the border of the inner walls and insulated
telya immediately evident condensation of water vapor. And as you know, high humidity reduces the thermal performance, appearance and active growth of fungi, molds and similar destroyers.
2. The heater is inside the enclosing structure
(kolodtsevoy masonry, multi-wall panels). With this layout cladding is made of two parallel walls connected by a bond, but a way between them
space is filled by a heater. The inner wall of a carrier, and the outer insulation protects against inclement weather. Under this system, thermal insulation material mounted
possible at low temperatures. But it requires more expensive surround foundation with
vershenstvovanie which is only possible if major repairs or new construction. Besides
condenses between the outer and inner walls for the insulation material and the inner surface of the outer wall, which leads to a reduction of thermal resistance of the partition structure and its fast amortization.
3. Insulation is located outside the building envelope. In this case, the thickness of the building envelope may be minimal, based on the requirements of safety. The thickness of the insulation must be such that the zone of condensation temperature drop and core located inside the insulating plate. This condensate evaporates easily due to the high vapor permeability of the system.
But located outside the heater must be protected from the elements in one of two ways:
1) protective shields (thermal insulation system with ventilated facade);
2) plaster protective and decorative layer (exterior insulation system with protective and decorative layer of a heater
).
exterior insulation system with protective and decorative layer of a heater is the most versatile, and it is easy to install (Fig. 6.20). Insulation boards are glued to the wall from the bottom up with bandaging of seams: seams are shifted horizontally, carried out the so-called toothed dressing on the corners of the building. Edges of insulation are enhanced by special corner profiles. Insulation attached to the wall dowels. On the surface of the insulation applied adhesive mortar, reinforcing mesh and decorative trim. Due to its high vapor permeability of the outer protective and decorative layer of condensation evaporates easily out.
Exterior insulation system with protective and decorative layer of insulation and their accessories shall meet the following requirements:
1. Frost system should be at least -35 ° C.
2. Mineral wool with average density should be not less than 145 kg/MZ respectively and the tensile strength is not less than 14 kN/m2. Polystyrene plates of unshrinkable self-extinguishing polystyrene density
must be at least 15 kg/m3 and a tensile strength of at least 80 kN/m. " Reinforced grid must be alkali resistance (tensile strength after soaking in a 5% NaOH solution for 28 days: on the basis of not less than 1.14 kN/5 cm, the weft is not lower than 1.05 kN/5 cm).
3. The bonding strength between the insulating layer and the plaster systems with insulation made of polystyrene in the dry state should be not less than 80 kN/m2 in the wet - not less than 40 kN/m2, for a system with mineral wool insulation is always at least 14 kN/m2.
For example, for thermal insulation of the outer fence of the existing buildings for structural reasons and terms of fire safety, it is usually possible to use only non-combustible materials.
rural construction in low-rise no restrictions on the use of certain types effective heaters. Currently, the active construction of individual country houses, designed various kinds of insulation. For example, there are materials that go into the so-called complex thermal insulation of external walls, where the main insulation are boards based on mineral basalt fibers production «Rockwool» (Denmark) and «Paros» (Finland) with a thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/(mK) thickness of 30 ... 150 mm. The components of "systems" are applied to the wall to insulate the building layers. Sam "Heater" is adhered to the wall of bottom-up compliance with the rules of dressing stitches horizontally with a serrated ligation at the corners of the building and window openings framed plates fitted with notches "at the place».
Next on the edge" Undersuit "for hardness are established special profiles, window and door openings reinforced framing angular profiles and fiberglass. Fixing "Undersuit" carried to the wall of the building with special dowels and glue composition developed by LLP "Everest". The thickness of the coating layer is 5 ... 6 mm. The important point here is that the use of a heat-insulating structure "Shuba" allows you to work on the device of external walls at temperatures up to -30 ° C.
cover layer from the "fur coat" is light gray rough surface. By using different types of decorative trim in the form of pastes and decorative plasters based on acrylic copolymers having hydrophobic properties, it can achieve high quality finishes with a wide range of colors. Such a comprehensive solution maintenance and new construction greatly facilitates the management of decorating the house, in particular, its facades.
use of thermal insulation system "Shuba plus "of varying thickness allows to increase resistance to heat exterior walls in W ... 3.5 times up to the required design value at any time of the year.
The defense insulation boards from precipitation is a coating layer consisting of a heat-waterproofing composition "coat". Physical and technical characteristics of the adhesive "Shub-HF" following. Density 600 kg/m3. The strength of adhesion to the base (adhesion) is equal to 0.62 MPa. The thermal conductivity is 0.1 W/(mK). Frost - Insulating active layer is operable at a temperature of from -4 to -15 ° C. One of the most important characteristics of thermal insulation - vapor permeability. This drying time, for example, at 20 ° C ranges from 6 to 12 hours.
Application of repairs and new construction allows for comprehensive thermal insulation of external walls with a full program of energy supply and provide comfort in the house, as well as to increase the temperature of the inner surface of the outer wall above the so-called dew point in the future to completely avoid the freezing of building structures. And therefore, to raise the average temperature inside the walls, which positively affects the operation of the building. In another embodiment, the thermal protection tile brick building used insulation material using conventional brickwork (Fig. 6.17). This technological system is also effective in a constructive relationship and heat. In fact it is a brick wall with a fixed outside reliable insulation and protective and decorative facade layer, called the wall "in a fur coat." The thermal resistance of a wall system design can reach 4.5 (m2K)/W. The renovation of the house, if it is conducted on the level of its total or partial (including the replacement of walling) modernization, for this purpose it is expedient to use the panels, for example, three-layer flexible bonds or, in some cases, with concrete dowels. Sandwich panels with flexible connections of 450 mm thickness have reduced resistance to heat transfer in the case of heavy concrete and 4.0 (m2K)/W. However, the implementation of maintenance of rural homes often do heat protection on its facade walls. This so-called ordinary chassis repair walls, insulation of homes. For these purposes, there is a new technology for insulation of facades "Fassolit." This multi-purpose system. Normally insulated wall and forget about insulation, vapor and waterproofing walling, why again soon require regular upkeep. The system "Fassolit" is not only warms, soundproof, but also serves as a material for the exterior walls of the building. This constructive-technological system is based on mineral insulation boards «URSA» and silicate plasters «Baumit». Her feature - the flexibility in the application of many wall materials: concrete, wood, bricks, lightweight aggregate et al., Both new construction and the management of repair of old buildings. The main layer of "Fassolit" - a plate for thermal insulation, made on the basis of the glass staple fiber. They comply with all health and safety standards and requirements, as well as assigned to a group of non-combustible materials. Estimate the thermal conductivity of up to 0.037 W/(mK). It is possible to use thermal insulation materials from other manufacturers. The next layer - a bonding solution, which is used for bonding insulation boards to the surface of any façade. It is a mixture of cement, sand and various additives. All this mass of water is mixed and applied to the plate on their perimeter, which at the same time made sure the two "points" of the solution in the center of the plates. Then the plate is further mounted special dowels. Following is the so-called reinforcing layer - fiberglass mesh, made of alkali-resistant fiber. It is superimposed on a layer of fresh mortar and recessed so that the fiber is in the middle of the alignment layer. The next layer - it's the same fiberglass mesh, made of the same alkali-resistant fiber. It is superimposed on a layer of fresh mortar and recessed so that the fiber is in the middle of the alignment layer. Last, the final layer, as well as the final stage of work - is the application of a finishing layer consisting of mineral silicate-based plaster, and therefore has high conductivity of steam and water-repellent properties. The very variety of decorative plaster has the quality to allow the facade to give not only an unusual texture, but also a kind of color tone. This method of applying teplodekorativnoy protection front surfaces of the building has great benefits - cost savings for space heating, long service life of the shell wall insulation from outside noise, non-flammability, resistance to aggressive environment, which makes the facades of homes more durable, and most importantly - high conductivity water vapor to prevent condensation. And last but not least - environmental friendliness of all its components and significant relief walling themselves, since the thickness of the applied layer is 40 mm, on the effectiveness of insulation replaces masonry brick 2.5.
When wetting the walls of the unfavorable terrain, particularly in the vicinity of a large underground water source or a large pond used gidroteploizolyatsii another system, which is shown in Fig. 6.18. It is particularly effective in buildings with brick walls. Fig. 6.19 shows a block of wall insulation material. This is the most efficient thermal insulation (extruded polystyrene) and, accordingly, sound-proof, vapor barrier and waterproofing materials. But it should consider the location of the insulation in the building envelopes. Especially this fact into account when choosing a heat-insulating material. Location heater conventionally divided into three positions.
1. Insulation is the inside of the building envelope. Usually, such an arrangement when
change in maintenance. But it has the disadvantage that this significantly reduces the internal area of the premises and, above all, require additional
tional costs of a vapor barrier. If this does not take into account, on the border of the inner walls and insulated
telya immediately evident condensation of water vapor. And as you know, high humidity reduces the thermal performance, appearance and active growth of fungi, molds and similar destroyers.
2. The heater is inside the enclosing structure
(kolodtsevoy masonry, multi-wall panels). With this layout cladding is made of two parallel walls connected by a bond, but a way between them
space is filled by a heater. The inner wall of a carrier, and the outer insulation protects against inclement weather. Under this system, thermal insulation material mounted
possible at low temperatures. But it requires more expensive surround foundation with
vershenstvovanie which is only possible if major repairs or new construction. Besides
condenses between the outer and inner walls for the insulation material and the inner surface of the outer wall, which leads to a reduction of thermal resistance of the partition structure and its fast amortization.
3. Insulation is located outside the building envelope. In this case, the thickness of the building envelope may be minimal, based on the requirements of safety. The thickness of the insulation must be such that the zone of condensation temperature drop and core located inside the insulating plate. This condensate evaporates easily due to the high vapor permeability of the system.
But located outside the heater must be protected from the elements in one of two ways:
1) protective shields (thermal insulation system with ventilated facade);
2) plaster protective and decorative layer (exterior insulation system with protective and decorative layer of a heater
).
exterior insulation system with protective and decorative layer of a heater is the most versatile, and it is easy to install (Fig. 6.20). Insulation boards are glued to the wall from the bottom up with bandaging of seams: seams are shifted horizontally, carried out the so-called toothed dressing on the corners of the building. Edges of insulation are enhanced by special corner profiles. Insulation attached to the wall dowels. On the surface of the insulation applied adhesive mortar, reinforcing mesh and decorative trim. Due to its high vapor permeability of the outer protective and decorative layer of condensation evaporates easily out.
Exterior insulation system with protective and decorative layer of insulation and their accessories shall meet the following requirements:
1. Frost system should be at least -35 ° C.
2. Mineral wool with average density should be not less than 145 kg/MZ respectively and the tensile strength is not less than 14 kN/m2. Polystyrene plates of unshrinkable self-extinguishing polystyrene density
must be at least 15 kg/m3 and a tensile strength of at least 80 kN/m. " Reinforced grid must be alkali resistance (tensile strength after soaking in a 5% NaOH solution for 28 days: on the basis of not less than 1.14 kN/5 cm, the weft is not lower than 1.05 kN/5 cm).
3. The bonding strength between the insulating layer and the plaster systems with insulation made of polystyrene in the dry state should be not less than 80 kN/m2 in the wet - not less than 40 kN/m2, for a system with mineral wool insulation is always at least 14 kN/m2.